AA	Acetic acid
ADF	Acid detergent fiber
AN	Ammonia nitrogen
AN/TN	Ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen ratio
BA	Butyric acid
CHM	Chinese herbal medicines
CK	Control (no additive)
CP	Crude protein
CRP	Compound Radix Pulsatillae
CRP_LA	Compound Radix Pulsatillae + lactic acid bacteria inoculant
DM	Dry matter
FC	Fold change
FO	Fresh oat (before ensiling)
KEGG	Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
LA	Lactic acid
LAB	Lactic acid bacteria
NDF	Neutral detergent fiber
OTU	Operational taxonomic unit
PA	Propionic acid
PCA	Principal component analysis
PCoA	Principal coordinate analysis
SEM	Standard error of the mean
TN	Total nitrogen
UPLC-MS/MS	Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
VIP	Variable importance in projection
WGCNA	Weighted gene co-expression network analysis
WSC	Water-soluble carbohydrates