Table 2.

Studies involving growth factors promoting heart regeneration and repair

Activated growth signaling	Organism	Intervention/transgenic model	References
NRG1	Zebrafish	Treatment of AG1478 (a small molecule inhibitor of ErbB receptors)	Polizzotti et al., 2015 (83)
NRG1	Zebrafish	Homeobox-containing transcription factor prrx1b knockout heart	De Bakker et al., 2021 (88)
NRG1/ErbB4	Rat, mouse	Injection of recombinant NRG1	Bersell et al., 2009 (80)
ErbB2	Mouse	caErbB2 CM	D’Uva et al., 2015 (32), Aharonov et al., 2020 (81)
FGF	Zebrafish	hsp70:dn-fgfr1; fli1:EGFP transgenic	Lepilina et al., 2006 (89)
FGF1	Rat	Treatment with FGF1 and p38 inhibitor SB203580	Engel et al., 2006 (90)
FGF2 VEGFA	Mouse	Reactivation of the fetal epicardial program after MI	Zhou et al., 2011 (91)
IGF-2	Zebrafish	hsp70:dn-igf1ra-GFP transgenic	Huang et al., 2013 (92)
IGF-2	Zebrafish	Igf agonist NBI-31772	Choi et al., 2013 (93)
IGFR-1	Mouse	Injection of IGF-1 modRNA-injected heart	Zangi et al., 2017 (94)
Igf2bp3	Mouse	Pre-injection of AAV9-Igfbp3	Wang et al., 2019 (95)

NRG1, neuregulin-1; ErbB, epidermal growth factor receptor; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; VEGFA, vascular endothelial growth factor A; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; IGFR, insulin-like growth factor receptor; Igf2bp, insulin-like growth factor 2 binding protein; PRRX1b, paired-related homeobox 1 transcription factor; hsp70:dn-fgfr1, mouse model dominant negative for the gene fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; caErbB2 CM, cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of constitutively active ErbB2; fli1:EGFP, mouse model with enhanced green fluorescence protein on friend leukemia integration transcription factor 1 proto-oncogene; MI, myocardial infarction; AAV9, adeno-associated virus serotype 9.