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. 2026 Jun 22;27(12):5616. doi: 10.3390/ijms27125616
HPV Human papillomavirus
hrHPV High-risk human papillomavirus
CIN Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
HSIL High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
LSIL Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
CST Community state type
BV Bacterial vaginosis
VMB Vaginal microbiota
CVM Cervicovaginal microbiota
SCFAs Short-chain fatty acids
HDPs Host defense peptides
hBD Human beta-defensin
SLPI Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor
TLR Toll-like receptor
DC Dendritic cell
Treg Regulatory T cells
Th T helper cell
IFN Interferon
IL Interleukin
TNF Tumor necrosis factor
PD-1 Programmed cell death protein 1
PD-L1 Programmed death-ligand 1
TIM-3 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3
LAG-3 Lymphocyte activation gene 3
HIF-1α Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
AKT Protein kinase B
mTOR Mechanistic target of rapamycin
ROS Reactive oxygen species
cfHPV-DNA Circulating cell-free HPV DNA
ddPCR The droplet digital polymerase chain reaction
VMT Vaginal microbiota transplantation
STI Sexually transmitted infection
LPS Lipopolysaccharide