| CI | Confidence interval |
| CTG | Cardiotocography |
| df | Degrees of freedom |
| FHR | Fetal heart rate |
| n | Number of respondents |
| RCT | Randomized controlled trial |
| RR | Risk ratio |
| SD | Standard deviation |
| SPSS | Statistical Package for the Social Sciences |
| α | Cronbach’s alpha (internal consistency coefficient) |
| χ2 | Chi-square statistic |
| ρ | Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient |
| V | Cramér’s V (effect size measure) |
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