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. 2026 Jun 7;15(12):4418. doi: 10.3390/jcm15124418
PD Primary dysmenorrhea
TE Therapeutic exercise
PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
CENTRAL Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials
RCT Randomized controlled trial
MeSH Medical Subject Headings
COMET Core outcome measures in effectiveness trials
RoB Risk of bias
GRADE Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation
MD Mean difference
SMD Standardized mean difference
CI Confidence interval
MDQ Menstrual Distress Questionnaire
MSQ Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire
PMSS Premenstrual Syndrome Scale
VMS Verbal Multidimensional Scoring system
VAS Visual Analogue Scale
NRS Numerical Rating Scale
SF-36 36-Item Short Form Health Survey
SF-12 12-Item Short Form Health Survey
STAI Spielberger State–Trait Anxiety Inventory
DASS-21 Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21
BDI Beck Depression Inventory
PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
WHIIRS Women’s Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale