Abstract
Single channel recordings from the locust muscle D-glutamate receptor channel were obtained using glutamate concentrations ranging from 10-6 to 10-2 M. Channel kinetics were analyzed to aid in the development of a model for the gating mechanism. Analysis of channel dwell time histograms demonstrated that the channel possessed multiple open and closed states at concentrations of glutamate between 10-5 and 10-2 M. Correlations between successive dwell times showed that the gating mechanism was nonlinear (i.e., branched or cyclic) over the same glutamate concentration range. The glutamate concentration dependence of the channel open probability, and of the event frequency, was used to explore two possible allosteric gating mechanisms in more detail.
Full text
PDF













Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Auerbach A., Lingle C. J. Heterogeneous kinetic properties of acetylcholine receptor channels in Xenopus myocytes. J Physiol. 1986 Sep;378:119–140. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1986.sp016211. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Blatz A. L., Magleby K. L. Quantitative description of three modes of activity of fast chloride channels from rat skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 1986 Sep;378:141–174. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1986.sp016212. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chabala L. D., Lester H. A. Activation of acetylcholine receptor channels by covalently bound agonists in cultured rat myoballs. J Physiol. 1986 Oct;379:83–108. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1986.sp016242. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Clements A. N., May T. E. Studies on locust neuromuscular physiology in relation to glutamic acid. J Exp Biol. 1974 Jun;60(3):673–705. doi: 10.1242/jeb.60.3.673. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Colquhoun D., Hawkes A. G. A note on correlations in single ion channel records. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1987 Feb 23;230(1258):15–52. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1987.0008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Colquhoun D., Hawkes A. G. On the stochastic properties of single ion channels. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1981 Mar 6;211(1183):205–235. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1981.0003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Colquhoun D., Hawkes A. G. Relaxation and fluctuations of membrane currents that flow through drug-operated channels. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1977 Nov 14;199(1135):231–262. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1977.0137. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Colquhoun D., Sakmann B. Fast events in single-channel currents activated by acetylcholine and its analogues at the frog muscle end-plate. J Physiol. 1985 Dec;369:501–557. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1985.sp015912. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cull-Candy S. G., Miledi R., Parker I. Single glutamate-activated channels recorded from locust muscle fibres with perfused patch-clamp electrodes. J Physiol. 1981 Dec;321:195–210. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1981.sp013979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cull-Candy S. G., Parker I. Rapid kinetics of single glutamate-receptor channels. Nature. 1982 Feb 4;295(5848):410–412. doi: 10.1038/295410a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cull-Candy S. G. Two types of extrajunctional L-glutamate receptors in locust muscle fibres. J Physiol. 1976 Feb;255(2):449–464. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1976.sp011289. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cull-Candy S. G., Usowicz M. M. Multiple-conductance channels activated by excitatory amino acids in cerebellar neurons. Nature. 1987 Feb 5;325(6104):525–528. doi: 10.1038/325525a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dudel J., Franke C. Single glutamate-gated synaptic channels at the crayfish neuromuscular junction. II. Dependence of channel open time on glutamate concentration. Pflugers Arch. 1987 Mar;408(3):307–314. doi: 10.1007/BF02181474. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Franke C., Dudel J. Single glutamate-gated synaptic channels at the crayfish neuromuscular junction. I. The effect of enzyme treatment. Pflugers Arch. 1987 Mar;408(3):300–306. doi: 10.1007/BF02181473. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gration K. A., Clark R. B., Usherwood P. N. Three types of L-glutamate receptor on junctional membrane of locust muscle fibres. Brain Res. 1979 Aug 3;171(2):360–364. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(79)90343-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gration K. A., Lambert J. J., Ramsey R. L., Rand R. P., Usherwood P. N. Agonist potency determination by patch clamp analysis of single glutamate receptors. Brain Res. 1981 Dec 28;230(1-2):400–405. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(81)90423-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gration K. A., Lambert J. J., Ramsey R. L., Rand R. P., Usherwood P. N. Closure of membrane channels gated by glutamate receptors may be a two-step process. Nature. 1982 Feb 18;295(5850):599–603. doi: 10.1038/295599a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gration K. A., Lambert J. J., Ramsey R., Usherwood P. N. Non-random openings and concentration-dependent lifetimes of glutamate-gated channels in muscle membrane. Nature. 1981 Jun 4;291(5814):423–425. doi: 10.1038/291423a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Horn R., Lange K. Estimating kinetic constants from single channel data. Biophys J. 1983 Aug;43(2):207–223. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(83)84341-0. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Horn R., Vandenberg C. A. Statistical properties of single sodium channels. J Gen Physiol. 1984 Oct;84(4):505–534. doi: 10.1085/jgp.84.4.505. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jackson M. B. Spontaneous openings of the acetylcholine receptor channel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jun;81(12):3901–3904. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.12.3901. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jahr C. E., Stevens C. F. Glutamate activates multiple single channel conductances in hippocampal neurons. Nature. 1987 Feb 5;325(6104):522–525. doi: 10.1038/325522a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Karlin A. On the application of "a plausible model" of allosteric proteins to the receptor for acetylcholine. J Theor Biol. 1967 Aug;16(2):306–320. doi: 10.1016/0022-5193(67)90011-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kerry C. J., Kits K. S., Ramsey R. L., Sansom M. S., Usherwood P. N. Single channel kinetics of a glutamate receptor. Biophys J. 1987 Jan;51(1):137–144. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(87)83318-0. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kokubun S., Prod'hom B., Becker C., Porzig H., Reuter H. Studies on Ca channels in intact cardiac cells: voltage-dependent effects and cooperative interactions of dihydropyridine enantiomers. Mol Pharmacol. 1986 Dec;30(6):571–584. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Labarca P., Rice J. A., Fredkin D. R., Montal M. Kinetic analysis of channel gating. Application to the cholinergic receptor channel and the chloride channel from Torpedo californica. Biophys J. 1985 Apr;47(4):469–478. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(85)83939-4. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Landaw E. M., DiStefano J. J., 3rd Multiexponential, multicompartmental, and noncompartmental modeling. II. Data analysis and statistical considerations. Am J Physiol. 1984 May;246(5 Pt 2):R665–R677. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1984.246.5.R665. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MONOD J., WYMAN J., CHANGEUX J. P. ON THE NATURE OF ALLOSTERIC TRANSITIONS: A PLAUSIBLE MODEL. J Mol Biol. 1965 May;12:88–118. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(65)80285-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mathers D. A., Usherwood P. N. Concanavalin A blocks desensitisation of glutamate receptors on insect muscle fibres. Nature. 1976 Feb 5;259(5542):409–411. doi: 10.1038/259409a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mathers D. A., Usherwood P. N. Effects of concanavalin A on junctional and extrajunctional L-glutamate receptors on locust skeletal muscle fibres. Comp Biochem Physiol C. 1978;59(2):151–155. doi: 10.1016/0306-4492(78)90046-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McManus O. B., Blatz A. L., Magleby K. L. Inverse relationship of the durations of adjacent open and shut intervals for C1 and K channels. Nature. 1985 Oct 17;317(6038):625–627. doi: 10.1038/317625a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ogden D. C., Colquhoun D. Ion channel block by acetylcholine, carbachol and suberyldicholine at the frog neuromuscular junction. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1985 Sep 23;225(1240):329–355. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1985.0065. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Patlak J. B., Gration K. A., Usherwood P. N. Single glutamate-activated channels in locust muscle. Nature. 1979 Apr 12;278(5705):643–645. doi: 10.1038/278643a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roux B., Sauvé R. A general solution to the time interval omission problem applied to single channel analysis. Biophys J. 1985 Jul;48(1):149–158. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(85)83768-1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sine S. M., Steinbach J. H. Acetylcholine receptor activation by a site-selective ligand: nature of brief open and closed states in BC3H-1 cells. J Physiol. 1986 Jan;370:357–379. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1986.sp015939. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sine S. M., Steinbach J. H. Activation of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Biophys J. 1984 Jan;45(1):175–185. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(84)84146-6. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Usherwood P. N. Amino acids as neurotransmitters. Adv Comp Physiol Biochem. 1978;7:227–309. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-011507-5.50009-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]