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. 2026 May 29;16(6):916. doi: 10.3390/life16060916
AC Alcohol-induced cardiomyopathy
ACSL4 Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4
AMPK
ANP
AMP-activated protein kinase
Atrial natriuretic peptide
ATP Adenosine triphosphate
Bax BCL2-associated X protein
BCL2 B-cell lymphoma 2
BNP Brain natriuretic peptide
CaMKII Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
CAT Catalase
cGAS-STING Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase stimulator of interferon genes
CHOP C/EBP homologous protein
CK-MB Creatine kinase-MB
cTnI Cardiac troponin I
cTnT Cardiac troponin T
CX43 Connexin 43
DAMP Damage-associated molecular pattern
DCM Dilated cardiomyopathy
DKK3 Dickkopf-related protein 3
ECG Electrocardiogram
ECM Extracellular matrix
EF Ejection fraction
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ER Endoplasmic reticulum
ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
ETC Electron transport chain
FS Fractional shortening
FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
GPX4 Glutathione peroxidase 4
GSDMD Gasdermin D
GSH-Px Glutathione peroxidase activity
HF Heart failure
HIF-1 Hypoxia-inducible factor 1
HIPK2 Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2
hiPSC-CM Human-induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocyte
IL-1β Interleukin-1 beta
IL-18 Interleukin-18
JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase
LGE Late gadolinium enhancement
LV Left ventricle/left ventricular
LVIDd Left ventricular internal diameter at diastole
LVIDs Left ventricular internal diameter at systole
LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MDA Malondialdehyde
MESA Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
MMP Mitochondrial membrane potential
MNPs Microplastics and nanoplastics
MPs Microplastics
mPTP Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
MRI Magnetic resonance imaging
mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA
MYH7B Myosin heavy chain 7B
MYL2 Myosin light chain 2
MYL4 Myosin light chain 4
NADPH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa B
NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
NLRP3 NOD-like receptor protein 3
NOX NADPH oxidase
NOX2 NADPH oxidase 2
Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
NPs Nanoplastics
p53 Tumor protein p53
PE Polyethylene
PET Polyethylene terephthalate
PGC-1α Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
PLB Phospholamban
PM2.5 Particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers
PMMA Polymethylmethacrylate
PP Polypropylene
PS Polystyrene
PS-MPs Polystyrene microplastics
PS-NPs Polystyrene nanoplastics
PUFA
PVC
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Polyvinylchloride
Py-GC/MS Pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
ROS Reactive oxygen species
SERCA Sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase
SERCA2a Sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a
SOD Superoxide dismutase
SR Sarcoplasmic reticulum
SV Stroke volume
TGF-β1 Transforming growth factor beta 1
TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor alpha
Top2β Topoisomerase IIβ
TTN Titin
TTNtv Titin truncating variants
UPR Unfolded protein response
Wnt Wingless-related integration site
XBP-1 X-box binding protein 1