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. 2026 Jun 11;16(6):984. doi: 10.3390/life16060984
IR Ionizing radiation
SASP Senescent cell-associated secretory phenotype
SIPS Stress-induced premature senescence
SA-β-gal Senescence-associated-β-galactosidase
SNCs Senescent cells
DSBs DNA double-strand breaks
DDR DNA damage response
ER Endoplasmic reticulum
CaMKII Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II
NFATc1 Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1
ATF3 Activating transcription factor 3
CDKIs Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors
BMSCs Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
BMMS Bone marrow-derived macrophages
EdU 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine
PFA Polyoxymethylene
ALP Alkaline Phosphatase
TRITC Tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate
M-CSF Macrophage colony-stimulating factor
RANKL Receptor activator of NF-kB ligand
CFU Colony-forming unit
TRAP Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
Oscar Osteoclast-associated receptor
OC-stamp Osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein
BSA Bovine serum albumin
SOST Sclerostin
ROS Reactive oxygen species
VGCC Voltage-gated calcium channel
PCNA Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
HUVECs Human umbilical vein endothelial cells