| MRT | Mental Rotation Test |
| OA | Object Assembly |
| SD | Surface Development |
| DIF | Differential Item Functioning |
| MSQ | Mean Squared |
| STEM | Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics |
| LR | Likelihood Ratio |
| ANOVA | Analysis of Variance |
| 1PL | 1-Parameter Logistic |
| EAP | Expected Apriori |