Skip to main content
. 2026 Jun 15;15(12):4636. doi: 10.3390/jcm15124636
APSF Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation
BBB Blood–Brain Barrier
BDNF Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
CI Confidence Interval
CRP C-Reactive Protein
GRADE Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation
HR Heart Rate
ICP Intracranial Pressure
MAP Mean Arterial Pressure
MD Mean Difference
MeSH Medical Subject Headings
MgSO4 Magnesium Sulfate
NMDA N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
PICOS Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study Design
PONV Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
POCD Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction
PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews
RCT Randomized Controlled Trial
RoB Risk of Bias
S100B S100 Calcium-Binding Protein B
SMD Standardized Mean Difference
TIVA Total Intravenous Anesthesia