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. 2026 Jun 1;19(3):61. doi: 10.3390/jemr19030061
Analysis (ROI) Dependent Variable Fixed Effects R andom Effects
Comprehensive eye-tracking analysis (target words) Total reading time Group × Reading phase (1|Participant) + (0 + Reading phase|Participant) + (1|Item)
Comprehensive eye-tracking analysis (target words) Fixation count Group × Reading phase (1|Participant) + (1|Item)
Comprehensive eye-tracking analysis (lexical elaborations) Total reading time Group × Reading phase (1|Participant) + (0 + Reading phase|Participant) + (1|Item)
Comprehensive eye-tracking analysis (lexical elaborations) Fixation count Group × Reading phase (1|Participant) + (0 + Reading phase|Participant) + (1|Item)
Between-group eye-tracking analysis (target words) Total reading time Group (1|Participant) + (1|Item)
Between-group eye-tracking analysis (target words) Fixation count Group (1|Participant) + (1|Item)
Between-group eye-tracking analysis (lexical elaborations) Total reading time Group (1|Participant) + (1|Item)
Between-group eye-tracking analysis (lexical elaborations) Fixation count Group (1|Participant) + (1|Item)
Within-group eye-tracking analysis—baseline group (target words) Total reading time Reading phase (1|Participant) + (0 + Reading phase|Participant) + (1|Item)
Within-group eye-tracking analysis—baseline group (target words) Fixation count Reading phase (1|Participant) + (0 + Reading phase|Participant) + (1|Item)
Within-group eye-tracking analysis—unenhanced elaboration group (target words) Total reading time Reading phase (1|Participant) + (0 + Reading phase|Participant) + (1|Item)
Within-group eye-tracking analysis—unenhanced elaboration group (target words) Fixation count Reading phase (1|Participant) + (0 + Reading phase|Participant) + (1|Item)
Within-group eye-tracking analysis—enhanced elaboration group (target words) Total reading time Reading phase (1|Participant) + (0 + Reading phase|Participant) + (1|Item)
Within-group eye-tracking analysis—enhanced elaboration group (target words) Fixation count Reading phase (1|Participant) + (0 + Reading phase|Participant) + (1|Item)
Within-group eye-tracking analysis—unenhanced elaboration group (lexical elaborations) Total reading time Reading phase (1|Participant) + (1|Item)
Within-group eye-tracking analysis—unenhanced elaboration group (lexical elaborations) Fixation count Reading phase (1|Participant) + (0 + Reading phase|Participant) + (1|Item)
Within-group eye-tracking analysis—enhanced elaboration group (lexical elaborations) Total reading time Reading phase (1|Participant) + (1|Item)
Within-group eye-tracking analysis—enhanced elaboration group (lexical elaborations) Fixation count Reading phase (1|Participant) + (1|Item)
Vocabulary test analysis Form recall scores Group (1|Participant) + (1|Item)
Vocabulary test analysis Meaning recall scores Group (1|Participant) + (1|Item)
Note. Random-effects structures are presented using lme4-style notation.