| aRRs | Adjusted relative risk |
| AIC | Akaike Information Criterion |
| AST | Antimicrobial susceptibility testing |
| ARDS | Acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| BIC | Bayesian Information Criterion |
| BMI | Body mass index |
| HAIs | Healthcare-associated infections |
| HAP | Hospital-acquired pneumonia |
| ICU | Intensive care unit |
| INICC | International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium |
| MAR | Multiple antibiotic resistance |
| MDR | Multidrug-resistant |
| MIC | Minimum inhibitory concentration |
| PMV | Prolonged mechanical ventilation |
| STROBE | Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology |
| VAP | Ventilator-associated pneumonia |