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. 2026 Jun 12;15(12):4560. doi: 10.3390/jcm15124560
AUC Area under the curve
CI Confidence interval
CPSP Chronic postsurgical pain
ERAS Enhanced recovery after surgery
GRADE Grades of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation
IQR Interquartile range
IV Intravenous
QoR-15 Quality of recovery-15 questionnaire
QoR-40 Quality of recovery-40 questionnaire
NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate
NSAID Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
OBA Opioid-based anesthesia
OFA Opioid-free anesthesia
OME Oral morphine equivalent
PONV Postoperative nausea and vomiting
PRISMA Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis
PROSPERO Prospective register of systematic reviews
REML Restricted maximum likelihood
RoB 2 Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials
RR Relative risk
SD Standard deviation
RCT Randomized controlled trial