Skip to main content
. 2026 Jun 21;15(12):4809. doi: 10.3390/jcm15124809
NSCLBP Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain
LBP Low Back Pain
NMA Network Meta-Analysis
ST Stabilization Exercises
STMC Stabilization Exercises with Motor Control
BS Back School
GE General Exercise
STR Strengthening Exercises
STRET Stretching
UC Usual Care
CTRL Control
STM Soft Tissue Manipulation
SM Spinal Lumbar Manipulation
DN Dry Needling
PMAT Pilates Mat
PAPP Pilates Apparatus
MDT McKenzie Method
ODI Oswestry Disability Index
RMDQ Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire