| AECOPD | Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
| AFS | Acid-fast staining |
| AUC | Area Under the Curve |
| BALF | Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid |
| BMI | Body mass index |
| CI | Confidence interval |
| COPD | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| FDP | Fibrin(ogen) Degradation Products |
| GOLD | Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease |
| IGRA | Interferon-gamma release assays |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| mNGS | Metagenomic next-generation sequencing |
| MTB | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| NK cell | Natural killer cell |
| FOR | Odds ratio |
| PCT | Procalcitonin |
| qPCR | Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction |
| RIF | Rifampicin |
| SMRN | Stringently mapped read number |
| AST | Aspartate aminotransferase |
| Crea | Creatinine |
| ICU | Intensive care unit |
| T Cell | T lymphocyte |
| TB | Tuberculosis |
| WBC | White blood cell |