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. 2026 Jun 8;19(12):2457. doi: 10.3390/ma19122457
SIB Sodium-ion batteries
LIB Lithium-ion batteries
PET Polyethylene terephthalate
HC Hard carbon
SEM Scanning electron microscopy
TEM Transmission electron microscopy
XRD X-ray diffraction
XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride
AB Acetylene black
NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
AGM Absorbed Glass Mat
EC Ethylene carbonate
DMC Dimethyl carbonate
FEC Fluorethylene carbonate
CV Cyclic voltammetry