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. 2026 Mar 31;49(3):440–455. doi: 10.1007/s10865-026-00640-y

Table 3.

Pearson correlations between measures of trait self-control constructs and delay and probability discounting (n = 8453)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Trait self-control construct measures
1. Brief self-control scale short-form –
2. Grit scale short-form .55**
3. Delaying gratification inventory short-form .48** .44**
4. Abbreviated impulsiveness scale .57** .54** .45**
5. Risk propensity scale .22** .10** .10** .22**
Delay discounting measures
6. Present bias .02 −.00 −.00 .03 .03*
7. Delta (exponential discount factor) .03* .01 .05** .03* −.02 −.23**
Probability discounting measure
8. Risk premium .01 .00 .05** .01 -.02 .01 −.09**

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Standardized scores. P-values adjusted to correct for multiple hypothesis testing across all tests shown in Tables 3, 6, 7 using the False Discovery Rate Method. All scoring recoded so that a higher score indicates higher self-control