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. 2026 Mar 31;49(3):440–455. doi: 10.1007/s10865-026-00640-y

Table 4.

Eigenvalues, variance explained and factor loading from factor analyses of measures of trait self-control constructs and discounting (n = 8453)

Measure Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3
Dispositional self-control Delay discounting Risk propensity
Eigenvalue 2.59 1.25 1.02
Variance explained 32.34% 15.65% 12.78%
Brief self-control scale Short-form .744 − .009 .076
Grit scale short-form .759 − .020 − .100
Delaying gratification inventory short-form .641 .014 − .068
Abbreviated impulsiveness scale .705 − .009 .094
Risk propensity scale − .015 − .001 .680
Present bias .003 − .246 .050
Delta (exponential discount factor) .009 .907 .009
Risk premium .044 − .105 − .056

Standardized scores. Factor analyses were performed using the Principal Axis Factoring extraction method.