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. 2026 Jun 20;19(12):2653. doi: 10.3390/ma19122653
WAAM Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
AM Additive Manufacturing
GMAW Gas Metal Arc Welding
GTAW Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
DOE Design of Experiments
PSD Power Spectral Density
UTM Universal Testing Machine
UTS Ultimate Tensile Strength
HRB Rockwell Hardness Scale B
IR Infrared