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. 2026 Jun 12;19(12):2558. doi: 10.3390/ma19122558
1D one-dimensional
2D two-dimensional
ATH aluminum trihydroxide
BP black phosphorus
CNT carbon nanotube
DOPO 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide
DTG derivative thermogravimetry
EBA ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer
EP epoxy resin
EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
FED fractional effective dose
FSR flame spread rate
GO graphene oxide
h-BN hexagonal boron nitride
HNT halloysite nanotube
HRR heat release rate
IFR intumescent flame retardant
LDH layered double hydroxide
LLDPE linear low-density polyethylene
LOI limiting oxygen index
MARHE maximum average rate of heat emission
MMT montmorillonite
MOF metal–organic framework
MWCNT multi-walled carbon nanotube
PA6 polyamide 6
PC polycarbonate
PE polyethylene
PHRR peak heat release rate
PLA polylactic acid
PMMA poly(methyl methacrylate)
PP polypropylene
PS polystyrene
PSPR peak smoke production rate
PU polyurethane
RGO reduced graphene oxide
SPR smoke production rate
sPS syndiotactic polystyrene
SWNT single-walled carbon nanotube
TGA thermogravimetric analysis
THR total heat release
TPU thermoplastic polyurethanes
TSP total smoke production
TSR total smoke release
TTI time to ignition
UL-94 Underwriters Laboratories 94
ZIF-67 zeolitic imidazolate framework-67