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. 2026 Jun 2;19(6):885. doi: 10.3390/ph19060885
20E 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysterone);
20-NOH ketoxime derivative of 20-hydroxyecdysone;
20-NOH·β-CD inclusion complex of the ketoxime derivative of 20-hydroxyecdysone with β-cyclodextrin;
3Ac-20E 2,3,22-triacetate of 20-hydroxyecdysone
3Ac-20E·β-CD inclusion complex of the 2,3,22-triacetate derivative of 20-hydroxyecdysone with β-cyclodextrin;
AAE ascorbic acid equivalents;
ALT alanine aminotransferase;
AST aspartate aminotransferase;
BHA butylated hydroxyanisole;
β-CD β-cyclodextrin;
CCl4 carbon tetrachloride;
CDCl3 deuterated chloroform;
DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide;
DMSO-d6 deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide;
DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl;
EC50 half-maximal effective concentration;
FRAP ferric reducing antioxidant power;
H&E hematoxylin and eosin;
HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography;
IC50 half-maximal inhibitory concentration;
LPO lipid peroxidation;
MDA malondialdehyde;
MIC minimum inhibitory concentration;
NMR nuclear magnetic resonance;
ONIOM our own N-layered integrated molecular orbital and molecular mechanics;
PM6 parameterized model 6 (semiempirical method);
SD standard deviation;
UFF universal force field;
UV-Vis ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy.