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. 2026 Jun 9;31(12):2019. doi: 10.3390/molecules31122019
PFASs Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
DESs Deep eutectic solvents
NADESs Natural deep eutectic solvents
HBA Hydrogen bond acceptor
HBD Hydrogen bond donor
GAC Granular activated carbon
IX Ion exchange
NF/RO Nanofiltration/reverse osmosis
LLE Liquid–liquid extraction
NOM Natural organic matter
PFCAs Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids
PFSAs Perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids
TFA Trifluoroacetic acid
PFOA Perfluorooctanoic acid
PFOS Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid
PFHxS Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid
PFNA Perfluorononanoic acid
HFPO-DA Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid
MCL Maximum contaminant level
NPDWR National Primary Drinking Water Regulation
DWD Drinking Water Directive
SSbD Safe-and-sustainable-by-design
COSMO-RSs Conductor-like screening model for real solvents
MDs Molecular dynamics
AIMDs Ab initio molecular dynamics
ML Machine learning
TEA Techno-economic analysis
LCA Life-cycle assessment
CAPEX Capital expenditure
OPEX Operational expenditure
TRL Technology readiness level
GRAS Generally recognized as safe
REACH Registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemicals
GHS Globally harmonized system
LC-MS/MS Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
LC-HRMS Liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry
LOQ Limit of quantification
TOC Total organic carbon
SCWO Supercritical water oxidation
CED Cumulative energy demand
TGA Thermogravimetric analysis
DSC Differential scanning calorimetry
NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance
FT-IR Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy