Akt	Protein Kinase B
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
CHO	Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate
CRP	C-reactive protein
EAA	Essential amino acid
IGF-1	Insulin-like growth factor-1
FOXO	Forkhead box O
IL-6	Interlukin-6
IL-15	Interlukin-15
MAFbx	Muscle atrophy F-box
MSM	Methylsulfonylmethane
mTOR	Mechanistic target of rapamycin
MuRF	Muscle RING Finger 1
NF-κB	Nuclear Factor kappa B
Nrf2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PGC-1α	PPARγ Coactivator-1 alpha
PMFs	Polymethoxyflavones
ROS	Reactive oxidative species
SAC	S-allyl cysteine
SIRT3	Sirtuin 3
TCC	Tea catechin
TNFα	Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha
WPI	Whey Protein Isolate