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. 2026 May 27;19(6):837. doi: 10.3390/ph19060837
AgNPs Silver nanoparticles
AMP Amorphous magnesium phosphate
AV Aloe vera
BaTiO3 Barium titanate
BD Biodentine
BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
BMP Bone morphogenetic protein
BMP-2 Bone morphogenetic protein-2
BMSCs Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
CAT Catalase
CQ Camphorquinone
CS Chitosan
CS-Str Modified chitosan
DDS Drug delivery systems
DEX Dexamethasone
DoA Degree of acrylation
DoM Degree of methacryloylation
DPSCs Dental pulp stem cells
DS Degree of substitution
EVs Extracellular vesicles
FGF-2 Fibroblast growth factor-2
GA Gallic acid
GBR Guided bone regeneration
GelMA Gelatin methacryloyl
GMP Good manufacturing practice
HAP Hydroxyapatite
HDDS Hydrogel-based drug delivery systems
hDPSCs Human dental pulp stem cells
HGF Hepatocyte growth factor
HNTs Halloysite nanotubes
HUVECs Human umbilical vein endothelial cells
IBP Ibuprofen
IDO Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
IL Interleukin
LAP Lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate
LCST Lower critical solution temperature
LED Light-emitting diode
LSPR Localized surface plasmon resonance
MA Methacrylic anhydride
MCP-1 Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
MMP Matrix metalloproteinase
MOF Metal–organic framework
MTA Mineral trioxide aggregate
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa B
NGF Nerve growth factor
nHA Nano-hydroxyapatite
NT-3 Neurotrophin-3
ODex Oxidized dextran
PBS Phosphate-buffered saline
PC-GelMA Photocrosslinked gelatin methacryloyl
PCHs Photocrosslinkable hydrogels
PDGF Platelet-derived growth factor
PDLSCs Periodontal ligament stem cells
PEDOT Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
PEGDA Polyethylene glycol diacrylate
PHEMA Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)
PL Platelet lysate
POD Peroxidase
PRDX Peroxiredoxin
PVA Poly(vinyl alcohol)
RGD Arginine–glycine–aspartic acid
ROS Reactive oxygen species
SCAPs Stem cells from apical papilla
SHED Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth
SOD Superoxide dismutase
TEGDMA Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate
TGF-β Transforming growth factor beta
TLR Toll-like receptor
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor alpha
UCST Upper critical solution temperature
VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor