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. 2026 May 30;19(6):871. doi: 10.3390/ph19060871
ARS Arsenic
MOR Morin
PLGA Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
MOR–PGNPs Morin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles
KIM-1 Kidney injury molecule-1
ROS Reactive oxygen species
MDA Malondialdehyde
Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
HO-1 Heme oxygenase-1
CAT Catalase
SOD Superoxide dismutase
GPx Glutathione peroxidase
TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa-B
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
IL-6 Interleukin-6
IL-1β Interleukin-1 beta
TGF-β1 Transforming growth factor-beta 1
Bax Bcl-2-associated X protein
Bcl-2 B-cell lymphoma 2
FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
TEM Transmission electron microscopy
EE Entrapment efficiency
DLS Dynamic light scattering
PDI Polydispersity index
PBS Phosphate-buffered saline
BSA Bovine serum albumin
DAB 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine
ANOVA Analysis of variance
HSD Honestly significant difference
SE Standard error