ACE2	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
ALI	Air–liquid interface
ASC	Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain
BD(s)	β-sheet domain(s)
BID	Twice daily
BLI	Biolayer interferometry
BNIP3L	BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like (NIX)
BST-2	Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (tetherin)
CD317	Cluster of differentiation 317
CD(s)	Cytosolic domain(s)
CNS	Central nervous system
Co-IP	Co-immunoprecipitation
CoV	Coronavirus
COVID-19	Coronavirus Disease 2019
CRL	Cullin–RING ligase
CRL2ZYG11B	Cullin–RING ligase 2 containing zyg-11 family member B
CUL2ZYG11B	Cullin 2–ZYG11B E3 ubiquitin ligase complex
Cryo-EM	Cryo-electron microscopy
CTD	C-terminal dimerisation/RNA-binding domain (of N protein)
DAA(s)	Direct-acting antiviral(s)
DLT(s)	Dose-limiting toxicity/toxicities
DOPE	1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
E	Envelope (protein)
E3	E3 ubiquitin ligase
EC50	Half-maximal effective concentration
EC90	90% effective concentration
EEVD	Glu-Glu-Val-Asp peptide motif
ELISA	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EMSA	Electrophoretic mobility shift assay
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum
ERGIC	ER–Golgi intermediate compartment
HCoV	Human coronavirus
HE	Hemagglutinin-esterase
HIV-1	Human immunodeficiency virus type 1
HMA	Hexamethylene amiloride
HOPS	Homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting
Hsp90	Heat shock protein 90
IC50	Half-maximal inhibitory concentration
IDR	Intrinsically disordered region
IFN	Interferon
IFT46	Intraflagellar transport protein 46
Ig	Immunoglobulin
IL	Interleukin
IL-17RA	Interleukin-17 receptor A
IRF3	Interferon regulatory factor 3
ISG	Interferon-stimulated gene
ISGF3	Interferon-stimulated gene factor 3
ITC	Isothermal titration calorimetry
JM	Juxtamembrane
K18-hACE2	Keratin 18 human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 transgenic model
Kd	Equilibrium dissociation constant
LC3	Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3
LKR	Ser/Arg-rich linker
LLPS	Liquid–liquid phase separation
M	Membrane (protein)
mAb(s)	Monoclonal antibody/antibodies
MAVS	Mitochondrial antiviral-signalling protein
MDA5	Melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5
MERS-CoV	Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
MHC-I	Major histocompatibility complex class I
MHV	Mouse hepatitis virus
MRC	Medical Research Council (UK)
Mpro	Main protease (Nsp5)
mRNA	Messenger RNA
N	Nucleocapsid (protein)
NEDD8	Neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 8
NF-kB	Nuclear factor kappa B
NIX	Mitochondrial outer-membrane receptor BNIP3L (see BNIP3L)
NLRP3	NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3
NMR	Nuclear magnetic resonance
Nsp(s)	Non-Structural Protein(s)
NTD	N-terminal RNA-binding domain (of N protein)
Nup98	Nucleoporin 98
ORF	Open reading frame
PALS1	Protein associated with Lin Seven 1
PDB	Protein Data Bank
PK/PD	Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics
PPI	Protein–protein interaction
QD	Once daily
Rae1	RNA export 1
Rab7	Ras-related protein Rab-7a
RBD	Receptor-binding domain (of Spike)
RBP(s)	RNA-binding protein(s)
RdRp	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Nsp12)
RIG-I	Retinoic acid-inducible gene I
RNA	Ribonucleic acid
RNP	Ribonucleoprotein
S	Spike (glycoprotein)
SARS-CoV	Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (2002–2003)
SARS-CoV-2	Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
SCID	Severe combined immunodeficiency
SPR	Surface Plasmon Resonance
STAT	Signal transducer and activator of transcription (e.g., STAT1/STAT2)
TBK1	TANK-binding kinase 1
TM	Transmembrane
TMPRSS2	Transmembrane protease, serine 2
TOM70	Translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 70
TRAF3	Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3
VLP	Virus-like particle
Vpu	Viral protein U
VSV	Vesicular stomatitis virus
XPO1	Exportin 1
ZYG11B	Zyg-11 family member B