Table 1. Characteristics of model development and validation cohort.
| Characteristics | Female N=4749 |
Male N=2097 |
Total N=6846 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Encounter type | |||
| Outpatient | 815 (17.2%) | 561 (26.8%) | 1376 (20.1%) |
| Admission >3 days | 680 (14.3%) | 306 (14.6%) | 986 (14.4%) |
| Admission ≤3 days | 3254 (68.5%) | 1230 (58.7%) | 4484 (65.5%) |
| Self-harm method | |||
| Highly lethal | 54 (1.1%) | 82 (3.9%) | 136 (2.0%) |
| Less lethal | 4695 (98.9%) | 2015 (96.1%) | 6710 (98.0%) |
| Age at self-harm encounter, years | |||
| Median (IQR) | 30 (21, 40) | 34 (23, 43) | 31 (21, 41) |
| HIV status | |||
| Negative | 3670 (77.3%) | 1695 (80.8%) | 5365 (78.4%) |
| Positive | 1079 (22.7%) | 402 (19.2%) | 1481 (21.6%) |
| Diagnoses received before self-harm encounter | |||
| Any mental disorder | 2446 (51.5%) | 1046 (49.9%) | 3492 (51.0%) |
| Organic mental disorders | 53 (1.1%) | 41 (2.0%) | 94 (1.4%) |
| Alcohol use disorders | 49 (1.0%) | 80 (3.8%) | 129 (1.9%) |
| Drug use disorders | 49 (1.0%) | 96 (4.6%) | 145 (2.1%) |
| Psychotic disorders | 62 (1.3%) | 37 (1.8%) | 99 (1.4%) |
| Bipolar disorder | 467 (9.8%) | 196 (9.3%) | 663 (9.7%) |
| Major depression | 1383 (29.1%) | 529 (25.2%) | 1912 (27.9%) |
| Anxiety disorders | 1563 (32.9%) | 597 (28.5%) | 2160 (31.6%) |
| PTSD | 152 (3.2%) | 59 (2.8%) | 211 (3.1%) |
| Other anxiety disorders | 1516 (31.9%) | 570 (27.2%) | 2086 (30.5%) |
| Personality disorders | 15 (0.3%) | 11 (0.5%) | 26 (0.4%) |
| Other mental disorders | 420 (8.8%) | 217 (10.3%) | 637 (9.3%) |
| Diagnoses received up to discharge | |||
| Any mental disorder | 3402 (71.6%) | 1419 (67.7%) | 4821 (70.4%) |
| Organic mental disorders | 81 (1.7%) | 65 (3.1%) | 146 (2.1%) |
| Alcohol use disorders | 71 (1.5%) | 131 (6.2%) | 202 (3.0%) |
| Drug use disorders | 86 (1.8%) | 134 (6.4%) | 220 (3.2%) |
| Psychotic disorders | 82 (1.7%) | 60 (2.9%) | 142 (2.1%) |
| Bipolar disorder | 597 (12.6%) | 260 (12.4%) | 857 (12.5%) |
| Major depression | 2366 (49.8%) | 878 (41.9%) | 3244 (47.4%) |
| Anxiety disorders | 1753 (36.9%) | 681 (32.5%) | 2434 (35.6%) |
| PTSD | 172 (3.6%) | 62 (3.0%) | 234 (3.4%) |
| Other anxiety disorders | 1700 (35.8%) | 652 (31.1%) | 2352 (34.4%) |
| Personality disorders | 21 (0.4%) | 17 (0.8%) | 38 (0.6%) |
| Other mental disorders | 437 (9.2%) | 227 (10.8%) | 664 (9.7%) |
| Drugs claimed before self-harm encounter | |||
| Antipsychotics | 1013 (21.3%) | 413 (19.7%) | 1426 (20.8%) |
| Antidepressants | 1926 (40.6%) | 718 (34.2%) | 2644 (38.6%) |
| Anxiolytics | 1812 (38.2%) | 644 (30.7%) | 2456 (35.9%) |
| Drugs with proven anti-suicidal effect | 69 (1.5%) | 23 (1.1%) | 92 (1.3%) |
| Mortality censored at 3 years after self-harm | 93 (2.0%) | 111 (5.3%) | 204 (3.0%) |
| Natural causes | 64 (1.3%) | 47 (2.2%) | 111 (1.6%) |
| Unnatural causes | 24 (0.5%) | 56 (2.7%) | 80 (1.2%) |
| Unknown | 5 (0.1%) | 8 (0.4%) | 13 (0.2%) |
| Follow-up time in years, median (IQR) | 3.00 (2.57, 3.00) | 3.00 (2.39, 3.00) | 3.00 (2.49, 3.00) |
Data n (%), unless indicated otherwise.
PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.