Table 2. Pooled prevalence of FADV infection in mainland Chinese fowl.
| No.studies | No.tested | No.positive | % (95% CI) | Heterogeneity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| χ ² | p -value | I² (%) | ||||||
| Region | Northeast China | 6 | 1,613 | 571 | 45% (11–79) | 1,902.77 | 0.000 | 99.7% |
| North China | 17 | 1,971 | 653 | 40% (26–54) | 940.49 | 0.000 | 98.4% | |
| Northwest China | 5 | 1,961 | 903 | 32% (10–54) | 371.22 | 0.000 | 98.9% | |
| East China | 30 | 6,782 | 2,283 | 35% (26–45) | 3,490.84 | 0.000 | 99.2% | |
| South China | 9 | 6,723 | 932 | 36% (22–50) | 1,433.00 | 0.000 | 99.48% | |
| Central China | 14 | 1,322 | 563 | 50% (31–69) | 563.63 | 0.000 | 98.4% | |
| Southwest China | 6 | 1,258 | 202 | 28% (17–40) | 235.31 | 0.000 | 97.9% | |
| Sampling time | Before 2020 | 29 | 13,368 | 4,393 | 44% (34–54) | 6,639.63 | 0.000 | 99.5% |
| Post-2020 | 29 | 22,778 | 4,772 | 28% (21–35) | 4,982.14 | 0.000 | 99.5% | |
| Growth stage | Breeder | 4 | 1,200 | 410 | 33% (10–55) | 252.68 | 0.000 | 98.8% |
| Brooding period | 6 | 1,196 | 85 | 10% (4–16) | 89.95 | 0.000 | 94.4% | |
| Adult | 4 | 3,864 | 387 | 33% (1–68) | 294.03 | 0.000 | 99.08% | |
| Detection method | Not found | 54 | 29,885 | 8,283 | 38% (32–44) | 10,520.95 | 0.000 | 99.5% |
| ELISA | 8 | 3,400 | 2,277 | 61% (41–74) | 636.36 | 0.000 | 98.9% | |
| PCR | 46 | 31,463 | 6,582 | 33% (29–38) | 5,134.90 | 0.000 | 99.18% | |
| AGD | 4 | 1,283 | 306 | 23% (17–29) | 19.52 | 0.000 | 84.6% | |
| Chickens | 45 | 30,320 | 7,397 | 37% (30–43) | 9,295.48 | 0.000 | 99.5% | |
| Ducks | 5 | 165 | 22 | 12% (2–23) | 12.72 | 0.005 | 76.4% | |
| Fowl types | Geese | 19 | 3,618 | 1,132 | 37% (24–50) | 2,938.36 | 0.000 | 99.5% |
| Season | Pigeon | 6 | 1,367 | 509 | 35% (7–63) | 1,246.49 | 0.000 | 99.7% |
| Wild fowls | 20 | 676 | 105 | 37% (19–54) | 137.27 | 0.000 | 94.2% | |
| Spring Summer |
3 4 |
1,558 1,991 |
203 278 |
16% (7–25) 12% (3–20) |
10.37 48.69 |
0.006 0.000 |
80.7% 95.9% |
|
| Autumn | 7 | 1,152 | 98 | 15% (5–25) | 13.65 | 0.001 | 85.3% | |
| Winter Not found |
3 50 |
750 30,695 |
76 8,510 |
20% (7–34) 38% (32–44) |
20.67 10,938.01 |
0.000 0.000 |
90.3% 99.4% |
|
| Plasma | 15 | 7,254 | 3,113 | 46% (28–64) | 5,370.47 | 0.000 | 99.7% | |
| Sample type | Organization | 35 | 21,870 | 4,997 | 34% (28–39) | 3,875.55 | 0.000 | 99.1% |
| Pharyngeal and anal swabs | 6 | 6,330 | 879 | 27% (16–39) | 347.39 | 0.000 | 98.6% | |
| Not found | 2 | 692 | 176 | 41% (2–39) | 69.40 | 0.000 | 99.5% | |
ELISA=enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PCR=Polymerase Chain Reaction. AGP=Agarose Diffusion Precipitation.