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. 2026 Jun 16;17:1847051. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2026.1847051

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Copyright © 2026 Zhao, Ji, Xu, Liu, Su, Teng, Wang and Zhao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Seven scatter plots display cardiac function parameters versus heart rate in MI-28D group rats. Each panel—E/A ratio (a), E/e' (b), IVRT (c), EF% (d), FS% (e), IVCT (f), and ET (g)—includes linear regression trends, R squared, and p-values. E/A, E/e', IVRT, IVCT, and ET show significant negative correlations with heart rate. EF% and FS% show no significant correlations. Blue dots represent data points for individual rats. All axes are clearly labeled with respective metrics and heart rate in beats per minute. — Correlation analysis in normal MI28D rats. (a) Correlation analysis of E/A ratio in MI28D rats; (b) Correlation analysis of E/e’ ratio in MI28D rats; (c) Correlation analysis of IVRT in MI28D rats; (d) Correlation analysis of LVEF values in MI28D rats; (e) Correlation analysis of FS values in MI28D rats; (f) Correlation analysis of IVCT in MI28D rats; (g) Correlation analysis of ET in MI28D rats.