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. 2026 Jun 16;6:1808077. doi: 10.3389/frhs.2026.1808077

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© 2026 Sethy, Mahapatro, Mundu and Sahoo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Line chart comparing UHC Service Coverage Index from 2000 to 2022 for low-income (red), lower-middle-income (blue), and upper-middle-income (green) countries, showing consistent improvement across all income groups, with upper-middle-income countries having the highest indices. The COVID-19 pandemic period is indicated with a shaded bar. — Trends in UHC service coverage Index by world bank income group (2000–2023). Source: WHO World Health Statistics 2025. Lines represent population-weighted averages. Shaded areas indicate 95% confidence intervals.