Table 4.
Linear programming results—optimal allocation to maximize UHC SCI.
| Health System Component | Current Allocation (%) | Optimal Allocation (%) | Required Change (Percentage Points) | Expected Impact on UHC SCI (Points) | Cost per UHC Point (USD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary Health Care | 28.4 | 40.2 | +11.8 | 6.8 | 2,450 |
| Secondary/Tertiary Care | 42.7 | 30.1 | −12.6 | −2.1 | - |
| Health Workforce | 15.8 | 18.5 | +2.7 | 3.2 | 3,120 |
| Medicines & Supplies | 8.2 | 9.4 | +1.2 | 1.4 | 2,890 |
| Health Information Systems | 2.4 | 5.3 | +2.9 | 2.6 | 2,180 |
| Administration & Governance | 2.5 | 1.8 | −0.7 | 0.3 | 4,250 |
| Infrastructure & Equipment | 6.8 | 9.2 | +2.4 | 2.1 | 3,450 |
| Prevention & Health Promotion | 3.2 | 5.5 | +2.3 | 1.9 | 2,670 |
| Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | - | 18.2 | 2,740 |
Source: Author’s optimization model implemented in MATLAB R2023b. Current allocation based on average of 135 LMICs (2020–2022). Optimal allocation solved using linear programming with budget constraint equal to current total health expenditure. Expected impact calculated using coefficients from econometric models. Cost per UHC point, additional investment required divided by UHC SCI points gained.