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. 2026 Mar 19;50(11):4413–4430. doi: 10.1007/s00266-026-05689-3

Table 1.

Distribution of study designs and corresponding references

Study design category Number of studies, n References
Algorithm development/Technical validation 37 [12, 14, 20, 24–26, 28–36, 38, 39, 41, 45, 48, 50, 56, 58, 63, 65, 69, 71, 72, 74, 75, 79, 81–83, 86, 104, 105]
Retrospective clinical study 5 [15, 27, 40, 64, 98]
Prospective observational/Pilot study 19 [16, 18, 19, 29, 37, 43, 47, 55, 56, 59, 62, 65, 66, 68, 78, 87, 89, 91, 103]
Survey/Questionnaire study 7 [13, 77, 84, 92–94, 108]
Other (review, concept, expert opinion, workflow etc.) 21 [11, 23, 42, 44, 46, 49, 51, 57, 60, 61, 73, 75, 76, 80, 85, 90, 97, 100–102, 106]