Fig. 2. mt-opto-condensates exhibit narrow size distributions irrespective of sequence features.

a Quantitative analysis of major (purple) and minor (gray) axes of mt-opto-condensates (DDX28 IDR) formed in live HeLa cells (n = 533 droplets from 14 cells, p-value 1.03 × 10⁻¹⁴⁸, Mann–Whitney U test, two-sided). Inset includes an annotation of the major and minor axes. b Aspect ratio changes of mt-opto-condensates (DDX28 IDR) (n = 533 droplets from 14 cells). Inset includes schematic diagrams illustrating droplets with aspect ratios (AR = 1, 2, and 3) for reference. c mt-opto-condensates formed with different IDR sequences from DDX28, GRSF1, TWINKLE, and FUS followed by a negative control lacking the oligomerization domain ($\mathrm{\Delta }$CRY2olig). Representative images upon whole plate activation and fixation. Insets show a zoomed-in version of the mt-opto-condensate for each construct. Scale bars = 2 µm (main) and 0.5 µm (inset). d Quantification of droplet major or minor axis size for mt-opto-condensates for different IDRs in (c) (Kruskal–Wallis H-test p-value for major axis 3.45 × 10⁻⁷⁴, one-way ANOVA test for minor axis p-value 1.92 ×  10⁻⁶, overlap coefficient for all pairs of IDRs, >0.70 in major and >0.85 for minor axis). e Partition coefficients analysis for mt-opto-condensates from different IDRs in (c) (one-way ANOVA p-value 4.13 × 10⁻¹⁹⁹). For each condition in d and e, condensates were analyzed from 15 cells. n: DDX28 IDR = 700, GRSF1 IDR = 619, TWINKLE IDR = 531, FUS IDR = 855 mt-opto-condensates. For $\mathrm{\Delta }$CRY2olig, 15 cells were obtained with similar results.