Table 3.

Comparison of patients without overt proteinuria according to urinary protein excretion

Variable	Total Case	Group 1	Group 2	p-value	Test
Age (years)	32.01 ± 10.2	33.4 ± 11.0	30.8 ± 9.5	0.323	m
Gender, n%	77	35(45.5%)	42(54.5%)		X²
Male	27	11(31.4%)	16 (38%)	0.542
Female	50	24 (68.6%)	26 (62%)
BMI	23.5 ± 1,8	23.3 ± 1.5	23.6 ± 2	0.504	t
UPCR	160.4 ± 93.7	92.8 ± 23.2	241.5 ± 80.9	0.000	m
Colchicine mg/day	1.11 ± 0.32	1.21 ± 0.35	1.04 ± 0.28	0,021	t
Disease duration years	7(0–27)	5(0–20)	10(1–27)	0.068	m
Left RRI	0.66 ± 0.08	0.70 ± 0.07	0.64 ± 0.08	0.000	m
Right RRI	0.67 ± 0.08	0.70 ± 0.08	0.62 ± 0.07	0.000	t
RRI mean	0.66 ± 0.08	0.70 ± 0.07	0.63 ± 0.07	0.000	m
Left PI	1.23 ± 0.37	1.48 ± 0.33	1.03 ± 0.26	0.000	m
Right PI	1.31 ± 0.39	1.53 ± 0.35	1.09 ± 0.27	0.000	t
PI mean	1.27 ± 0.36	1.51 ± 0.33	1.07 ± 0.25	0.000	m

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range), as appropriate

Statistical tests: m, Mann–Whitney U test; χ², chi-square test; t, Student’s t-test

Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index; RRI, renal resistive index; PI, pulsatility index; UPCR, urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio

Patients with overt proteinuria (UPCR ≥ 500 mg/g) were excluded. Group 1 included patients with normal or minimal proteinuria (UPCR < 150 mg/g), and Group 2 included patients with low-grade proteinuria (UPCR 150–500 mg/g)