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. 2026 Jun 17;16:1858453. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1858453

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Copyright © 2026 Zhao, Zhao, Liu, Hou, Chen, Lan and Ping.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Forest plot comparing proportions of any adverse event incidence across randomized controlled trials and one prospective cohort study, displaying event totals, proportions with confidence intervals, and random effects meta-analyses showing pooled estimates and heterogeneity statistics for each design group. — Subgroup analysis of adverse event incidence by study design.