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. 2026 Jun 17;5:1840060. doi: 10.3389/frtra.2026.1840060

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© 2026 Clemens, Alibrandi, Molinari, Noble, Franchin, Fribourg, Cravedi and Chun.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Panel A shows a timeline diagram illustrating a heart transplant experiment in mice, including heart transplantation on day zero, Abatacept injection on day two, and monitoring of graft function from day seven, with graft harvest upon investigator-determined rejection. Panel B shows two histology images of heart tissue; the left image displays inflammatory infiltrates indicated by arrows, while the right image shows preserved tissue structure without apparent inflammation. Both images include a scale bar of two hundred fifty micrometers. — Improved accuracy of graft rejection diagnosis by echocardiography. (A) Experimental schematic. (B) Representative histologic images of true graft failure (left) and false graft failure (right) as determined by visual assessment of graft beating after laparotomy. Arrows indicate lymphocytic infiltrate.