Table 4.
Screening out factors associated with academic burnout in study participants via univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression.
| Variables | Univariate # | Multivariable #* | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | S.E | Z | P | OR (95%CI) | β | S.E | Z | P | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Age | −0.12 | 0.07 | −1.66 | 0.097 | 0.89 (0.77 ~ 1.02) | |||||
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Female | Reference | |||||||||
| Male | −0.27 | 0.23 | −1.17 | 0.243 | 0.76 (0.49 ~ 1.20) | |||||
| The only child | ||||||||||
| Yes | Reference | |||||||||
| No | −0.35 | 0.23 | −1.52 | 0.130 | 0.71 (0.45 ~ 1.11) | |||||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| Han | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| Other | 0.92 | 0.33 | 2.76 | 0.006 | 2.51 (1.30 ~ 4.82) | 0.73 | 0.38 | 1.92 | 0.055 | 2.07 (0.99 ~ 4.34) |
| Religious affiliation | ||||||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.60 | 0.46 | 3.47 | 0.001 | 4.95 (2.01 ~ 12.20) | 1.71 | 0.54 | 3.19 | 0.001 | 5.56 (1.93 ~ 15.87) |
| Pre-university residence | ||||||||||
| Urban | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| Rural | −0.46 | 0.20 | −2.27 | 0.023 | 0.63 (0.43 ~ 0.94) | −0.51 | 0.23 | −2.22 | 0.027 | 0.60 (0.39 ~ 0.94) |
| Smoking status | ||||||||||
| Smokers | Reference | |||||||||
| Non-smokers | −1.35 | 0.82 | −1.64 | 0.101 | 0.26 (0.05 ~ 1.30) | |||||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||||
| Drinkers | Reference | |||||||||
| Non-drinkers | −0.53 | 0.61 | −0.88 | 0.380 | 0.59 (0.18 ~ 1.93) | |||||
| Regularity of diet | ||||||||||
| Yes | Reference | |||||||||
| No | 0.79 | 0.20 | 3.96 | <0.001 | 2.21 (1.49 ~ 3.28) | |||||
| Regularity of daily routine | ||||||||||
| Yes | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| No | 0.82 | 0.19 | 4.24 | <0.001 | 2.28 (1.56 ~ 3.33) | 0.71 | 0.22 | 3.25 | 0.001 | 2.03 (1.32 ~ 3.12) |
| History of mental disorder | ||||||||||
| Yes | Reference | |||||||||
| No | −1.28 | 0.47 | −2.71 | 0.007 | 0.28 (0.11 ~ 0.70) | |||||
| Grade | ||||||||||
| Lower | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| Upper | −0.42 | 0.19 | −2.18 | 0.029 | 0.66 (0.45 ~ 0.96) | −0.40 | 0.22 | −1.84 | 0.066 | 0.67 (0.44 ~ 1.03) |
| Major | ||||||||||
| Nursing | Reference | |||||||||
| Other | 0.30 | 0.19 | 1.57 | 0.117 | 1.35 (0.93 ~ 1.97) | |||||
| Previous semester class ranking | ||||||||||
| Top 5% | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| Top 6–20% | 0.09 | 0.46 | 0.20 | 0.844 | 1.10 (0.44 ~ 2.71) | - | - | - | - | - |
| Top 21–50% | 0.68 | 0.44 | 1.56 | 0.120 | 1.98 (0.84 ~ 4.66) | 0.55 | 0.29 | 1.88 | 0.060 | 1.73 (0.98 ~ 3.08) |
| Top 51–80% | 1.05 | 0.44 | 2.41 | 0.016 | 2.87 (1.22 ~ 6.77) | 0.80 | 0.30 | 2.72 | 0.007 | 2.23 (1.25 ~ 3.99) |
| Bottom 20% | 1.68 | 0.49 | 3.47 | 0.001 | 5.38 (2.08 ~ 13.91) | 1.35 | 0.38 | 3.60 | <0.001 | 3.87 (1.85 ~ 8.08) |
| Leadership experience in student organizations | ||||||||||
| Yes | Reference | |||||||||
| No | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.84 | 0.400 | 1.23 (0.76 ~ 1.97) | |||||
| Family monthly income (CNY) | ||||||||||
| 4,000 and below | Reference | |||||||||
| 4,001–8,000 | 0.03 | 0.27 | 0.13 | 0.900 | 1.03 (0.62 ~ 1.74) | |||||
| 8,001 and above | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.78 | 0.437 | 1.22 (0.74 ~ 2.01) | |||||
| Father’s highest educational attainment | ||||||||||
| Primary school or below | Reference | |||||||||
| Junior high school | −0.26 | 0.31 | −0.86 | 0.389 | 0.77 (0.42 ~ 1.40) | |||||
| High school | −0.35 | 0.31 | −1.12 | 0.261 | 0.70 (0.38 ~ 1.30) | |||||
| Undergraduate and above | −0.09 | 0.31 | −0.30 | 0.767 | 0.91 (0.50 ~ 1.67) | |||||
| Mother’s highest educational attainment | ||||||||||
| Primary school or below | Reference | |||||||||
| Junior high school | −0.06 | 0.27 | −0.24 | 0.814 | 0.94 (0.56 ~ 1.59) | |||||
| High school | 0.02 | 0.30 | 0.05 | 0.960 | 1.02 (0.57 ~ 1.81) | |||||
| Undergraduate and above | 0.15 | 0.29 | 0.53 | 0.597 | 1.16 (0.66 ~ 2.04) | |||||
| Teacher support | −0.27 | 0.03 | −8.06 | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.72 ~ 0.82) | −0.25 | 0.03 | −7.19 | <0.001 | 0.78 (0.73 ~ 0.84) |
| Student—student support | −0.08 | 0.02 | −4.50 | <0.001 | 0.92 (0.89 ~ 0.96) | |||||
| Opportunities for autonomy | −0.14 | 0.03 | −4.42 | <0.001 | 0.87 (0.82 ~ 0.92) | |||||
| Perceived school climate scale | −0.08 | 0.01 | −7.02 | <0.001 | 0.93(0.91 ~ 0.95) | |||||
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. #The dependent variable was the presence of academic burnout (yes/no). *Nagelkerke R-squared = 0.285; Likelihood ratio test: χ2 = 134.379, df = 9, p < 0.001; Hosmer-Lemeshow test: χ2 = 7.248, df = 8, p = 0.510.