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. 2026 Jun 17;17:1853241. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1853241

Table 3.

Independent samples t-test results according to prior athletic background.

Scales Prior athletic background Levene test
n x̄ sd F p t df p
M Yes 304 53.5 6.39 0.495 0.482 1.139 396 0.256
No 94 52.65 6.25
DERS Yes 304 33.5 5.03 0.038 0.845 −0.041 0.967
No 94 33.52 5.05
R Yes 304 38.92 6.1 2.135 0.145 1.985 0.040 *
No 94 37.52 5.61

*p < 0.05. M, mindfulness; R, rumination; DERS, difficulties in emotion regulation.