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. 2026 Feb 20;55(8):1933–1953. doi: 10.1007/s13280-025-02335-1

Table 5.

Inter-rater reliability for nominal and ordinal items of Wetland Wanderer Tool (WWT), based on observations at 21 wetlands in Tasmania, Australia

Domain # items Weighted/Unweighted (W/UW) Percentage agreement (%) Cohen’s kappa (k) Range (k) Level of agreement
Online Presence 0 of 7 NA NA NA NA NA
Education and Outreach 10 UW 98 0.96 0.64–1.0 Near Perfect
Signage 12 UW 89 0.77 0.60–1 Substantial
Use of Site 5 W, UW 70 0.40 0.13–0.75 Fair
Access 12 W, UW 91 0.78 0.61–1 Substantial
Accessibility 8 W, UW 92 0.84 0.40–1 Near perfect
Safety and Security 7 of 9 W, UW 92 0.82 0.61–1 Near perfect
Incivilities 5 of 6 W, UW 80 0.51 0.005–1 Moderate
Aesthetics 16 UW 83 0.66 0.15–1 Substantial
Paths and Trails 9 of 10 UW 80 0.61 0.16–1 Substantial
Facilities and Amenities 16 UW 93 0.86 0.60–0.86 Near perfect
Maintenance and Management 1 UW 100 1 1 Perfect
First Nations Values 0 of 4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Natural Values 8 UW 84 0.62 0.23–0.90 Substantial