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. 2026 Jul 1;36(6):bhag068. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhag068

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© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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For image description, please refer to the figure legend and surrounding text. — Left. Mean field origin of synchrony among sparsely connected excitatory (gray) and inhibitory (black) neurons. Local field potential () versus distance of separation. In-phase pulses (red arrows) generate synaptic summations at dendritic membranes shown by red curve. Out of phase pulses (blue arrows) dissipate at membranes (blue curve). Middle: Mirror paired neural systems with coupled spatial eigenmodes (arbitrary gray and white yin-yang figures) generate traveling waves that cancel about the line of reflection (dashed black lines) creating a Markov blanket. Right: Putative Markov blankets in spinal cord, between axes of bilateral symmetry, and between mirror-symmetric spinal segments.

Inline graphic — Left. Mean field origin of synchrony among sparsely connected excitatory (gray) and inhibitory (black) neurons. Local field potential () versus distance of separation. In-phase pulses (red arrows) generate synaptic summations at dendritic membranes shown by red curve. Out of phase pulses (blue arrows) dissipate at membranes (blue curve). Middle: Mirror paired neural systems with coupled spatial eigenmodes (arbitrary gray and white yin-yang figures) generate traveling waves that cancel about the line of reflection (dashed black lines) creating a Markov blanket. Right: Putative Markov blankets in spinal cord, between axes of bilateral symmetry, and between mirror-symmetric spinal segments.