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. 2026 May 7;14:48. doi: 10.1186/s40462-026-00655-9

Table 2.

Results of linear mixed models (LMMs) for the effect of ‘sex’ (male: M; female: F) or CORT ‘treatment’ of the male (control: M-; CORT-supplemented: M+) (fixed factors), ‘body size’ (covariate), ‘enclosure’ (random factor), and the interaction between ‘enclosure’ and ‘sex’ or ‘treatment’ on each of the two response variables that characterize spatial relationships between pairs of B. cinereus amphisbaenians. Significant probabilities are marked in bold

Separation Proximity
df F p F p
Overall sex differences:
Sex (M/M vs. M/F) 1 0.44 0.51 4.69 0.036
Body size 1 0.15 0.70 0.01 0.99
Enclosure 4 60.02 0.0001 10.66 0.001
Enclosure × Sex 4 0.03 0.99 0.37 0.83
Error 59
Relationships between males:
Treatment (M-/M- vs. M-/M+ vs. M+/M+) 2 3.21 0.09 1.17 0.36
Body size 1 1.24 0.28 1.32 0.27
Enclosure 4 2.56 0.08 1.63 0.22
Enclosure × Treatment 8 1.19 0.37 0.96 0.51
Error 14
Relationships between males and females:
Treatment (M-/F vs. M+/F) 1 0.31 0.61 2.37 0.20
Body size 1 0.01 0.95 0.26 0.61
Enclosure 4 5.38 0.04 3.93 0.06
Enclosure × Treatment 4 1.59 0.20 1.11 0.37
Error 29