Table 3.
Intergroup comparison of non-parametric outcomes, including Wong-Baker, FLACC, Venham, Houpt, and satisfaction scores. Abbreviations: AA, after anesthesia; AT, after treatment; DA, during anesthesia; DR, during rubber dam; DT, during treatment. *Statistical analysis differences (P < 0.05).
| Jaw | Variable | Time Point | Manual Syring | CCLAD | Vibration−Assisted | Jet Injection | P−value | Post−hoc (Mann−Whitney U) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Rank | ||||||||
| Lower Jaw | Wong Baker | AA | 2.54 | 2.36 | 2.43 | 2.00 | 0.001* | Manual > CCLAD (P ≤ 0.005), Manual > Vibration (P ≤ 0.041), Manual > Jet (P ≤ 0.001) |
| AT | 1.86 | 1.93 | 1.68 | 2.21 | 0.006* | Manual > CCLAD (P ≤ 0.005), Manual > Vibration (P ≤ 0.041), Manual > Jet (P ≤ 0.001) | ||
| Venham | DR | 2.36 | 2.21 | 2.39 | 1.96 | 0.001* | Manual > CCLAD (P ≤ 0.004), Manual > Jet (P ≤ 0.001) | |
| FLACC | DA | 2.82 | 2.39 | 2.54 | 2.54 | 0.008* | Manual > CCLAD (P ≤ 0.001), Manual > Jet (P ≤ 0.009) | |
| DR | 1.61 | 1.75 | 1.75 | 1.61 | 0.165 | − | ||
| DT | 1.57 | 1.86 | 1.71 | 1.86 | 0.306 | − | ||
| Houpt | AT | 2.18 | 2.07 | 2.21 | 2.07 | 0.130 | − | |
| Satisfaction | AT | 9.43 | 36.36 | 32.71 | 35.50 | 0.001* | Manual < CCLAD, Vibration, Jet (P ≤ 0.001) | |
| Upper Jaw | Wong Baker | AA | 2.21 | 1.96 | 2.04 | 2.11 | 0.001* | Manual > CCLAD, Vibration, Jet (P ≤ 0.001) |
| AT | 1.93 | 2.18 | 2.14 | 2.11 | 0.051 | − | ||
| Venham | DR | 2.57 | 1.96 | 2.00 | 2.07 | 0.001* | Manual > CCLAD, Vibration, Jet (P ≤ 0.001) | |
| FLACC | DA | 2.68 | 1.96 | 2.29 | 2.29 | 0.001* | Manual > all groups (P ≤ 0.05) | |
| DR | 1.61 | 1.86 | 1.71 | 1.29 | 0.001* | Manual > others (P ≤ 0.05) | ||
| DT | 1.71 | 2.18 | 2.00 | 2.43 | 0.009* | Manual > CCLAD (P = 0.044); Jet > CCLAD (P ≤ 0.002), Jet > Vibration (P ≤ 0.018) | ||
| Houpt | AT | 2.00 | 2.07 | 1.96 | 1.75 | 0.079 | − | |
| Satisfaction | AT | 10.00 | 36.16 | 32.18 | 35.21 | 0.001* | Manual < CCLAD, Vibration, Jet (P ≤ 0.001) |