TABLE 2.

HP-containing combination-product studies.

HP intervention	Comparator	Study design	Sample size (n)	Follow-up duration	Main efficacy findings	Comparative interpretation	References
MA212 (Rosaxan®) containing HP extract 108 mg	Placebo	RCT, DB, PC	90	6–12 weeks	Greater WOMAC improvement and reduced analgesic usage days compared with placebo	Suggests symptomatic improvement in osteoarthritis-related outcomes	Moré et al. (2017)
Sport cream containing HP	Standard management or diclofenac patch	RCT	95	2 weeks	Reduced emergency diclofenac usage observed in HP-treated patients	Potential reduction in rescue NSAID use reported under study conditions	Hu et al. (2021)
Loxacon® containing HP extract 270 mg	Physiotherapy ± placebo	RCT, DB, PC	88	5 weeks + follow-up	Greater MCID achievement reported in the HP combination group	Suggests adjunctive symptomatic benefit when combined with physiotherapy	Bender et al. (2024)

Abbreviations: VAS, visual analogue scale; WOMAC, Western ontario and mcMaster universities osteoarthritis index; RCT, randomized controlled trial; DB, Double-blind; AC, Active-controlled; PC, Placebo-controlled; HP, harpagophytum procumbens; MCID, minimal clinically important difference.