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. 2026 May 1;16:20232. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-51268-6

Table 2.

Comparison of intraoperative outcomes between the two groups before and after PSM.

Variables Overall (n = 218) Before PSM After PSM
MTCC group (n = 32) CCC group (n = 186) P-value MTCC group (n = 32) CCC group (n = 64) P-value
Defect diameter, cm, median (IQR) 2.5 (2.0, 3.5) 2.8 (2.0, 3.5) 2.5 (1.5, 3.5) 0.329 2.8 (2.0, 3.5) 2.3 (1.5, 3.5) 0.228
Total procedure time, minutes, median (IQR) 52.0 (42.0, 64.0) 47.0 (40.0, 60.0) 52.0 (43.0, 65.0) 0.015 47.0 (40.0, 60.0) 53.0 (44.0, 65.0) 0.027*
Endoscopic resection time, minutes, median (IQR) 36.0 (26.0, 45.0) 40.0 (30.0, 53.0) 36.0 (24.0, 45.0) 0.027 40.0 (30.0, 53.0) 37.0 (26.0, 46.0) 0.063
Defect closure time, minutes, median (IQR) 17.0 (10.0, 25.0) 7.0 (6.0, 9.0) 19.0 (13.0, 25.0) < 0.001 7.0 (6.0, 9.0) 17.0 (15.0, 25.0) < 0.001*
Number of titanium clips, median (IQR) 12.0 (10.0, 14.0) 8.0 (7.0, 9.0) 12.0 (11.0, 14.0) < 0.001 8.0 (7.0, 9.0) 12.0 (11.0, 14.0) < 0.001*
Technical closure success rate, n (%) 216 (99.1%) 32 (100.0%) 184 (98.9%) > 0.999 32 (100.0%) 63 (98.4%) > 0.999

MTCC: mucosal traction-assisted clip closure; CCC: conventional clip closure; IQR: interquartile range; PSM: propensity score matching.