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. 2026 May 1;16:20232. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-51268-6

Table 4.

Comparison of intraoperative and postoperative outcomes between the two groups in patients with defect diameter ≤ 2.5 cm.

Variables MTCC group (n = 16) CCC group (n = 108) P-value
Total procedure time, minutes, median (IQR) 48.0 (37.0, 60.0) 55.0 (43.0, 65.0) 0.038
Endoscopic resection time, minutes, median (IQR) 40.0 (29.0, 53.0) 37.0 (24.0, 45.0) 0.202
Defect closure time, minutes, median (IQR) 7.0 (6.0, 9.0) 19.0 (14.0, 25.0) < 0.001
Number of titanium clips, median (IQR) 8.0 (7.0, 9.0) 12.0 (11.0, 14.0) < 0.001
Postoperative bleeding, n (%) > 0.999
Yes 0 (0.0%) 3 (2.8%)
No 16 (100.0%) 105 (97.2%)
Postoperative perforation, n (%) > 0.999
Yes 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.9%)
No 16 (100.0%) 107 (99.1%)
Postoperative fever, n (%) > 0.999
Yes 1 (6.3%) 9 (8.3%)
No 15 (93.8%) 99 (91.7%)
Postoperative fasting, days, median (IQR) 2.5 (2.0, 3.0) 3.0 (2.0, 3.0) 0.054
Postoperative hospital stay, days, median (IQR) 4.0 (3.0, 4.0) 4.0 (3.0, 5.0) 0.202

MTCC: mucosal traction-assisted clip closure; CCC: conventional clip closure; IQR: interquartile range.