Table 1.
Concentrations (mean ± SD) of trace metals and PAHs (μg/g dry weight) in the digestive gland of snails caged in various urban sites (n = 5/group).
| Contaminant | p-Value | Site 1 | Site 2 | Site 3 | Site 4 | Site 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metals | ||||||
| Cd | NS | 5.61 ± 0.93 | 8.60 ± 2.04 | 5.60 ± 1.58 | 7.29 ± 2.12 | 8.93 ± 2.22 |
| Cr | p < 0.001 | 0.35 ± 0.05 | 0.57 ± 0.03 | 1.30 ± 0.68* | 1.25 ± 0.63* | 1.65 ± 0.66* |
| Cu | p < 0.0005 | 8.65 ± 1.34 | 17.4 ± 2.12* | 21.2 ± 1.91* | 80.8 ± 22.9** | 75.0 ± 26.3** |
| Fe | p < 0.0001 | 87.5 ± 8.04 | 150 ± 25.5* | 2,016 ± 886# | 959 ± 478** | 555 ± 273** |
| Pb | p < 0.0001 | 1.62 ± 0.35 | 5.06 ± 0.88* | 3.12 ± 0.92* | 15.2 ± 5.22** | 80.5 ± 39.5# |
| Mn | p < 0.005 | 146 ± 17.5 | 223 ± 31.1* | 467 ± 197** | 517 ± 209** | 409 ± 166** |
| Ni | p < 0.001 | 0.39 ± 0.08 | 1.23 ± 0.19* | 1.56 ± 0.19* | 0.98 ± 0.36* | 2.64 ± 1.32* |
| Zn | p < 0.005 | 126 ± 16.1 | 183 ± 30.4* | 297 ± 91.0** | 502 ± 187# | 514 ± 199# |
| PAHs | ||||||
| Naphthalene | p < 0.005 | 260 ± 73.0 | 344 ± 19.7* | 389 ± 70.0* | 497 ± 204** | 502 ± 41.8** |
| Acenaphthene | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| Fluorene | p < 0.01 | 35.3 ± 11.3 | 49.9 ± 18.7 | 64.7 ± 2.13* | 56.8 ± 19.0* | 63.3 ± 5.38* |
| Phenanthrene | NS | 8.70 ± 3.44 | 12.4 ± 3.68 | 15.4 ± 0.71 | 11.0 ± 3.60 | 11.9 ± 2.70 |
| Anthracene | p < 0.01 | 0.57 ± 0.26 | 2.12 ± 0.36* | 4.56 ± 1.66* | 2.77 ± 1.67* | 5.02 ± 0.45* |
| Fluoranthene | p < 0.005 | 0.59 ± 0.35 | 0.38 ± 0.31 | 1.82 ± 1.82 | 17.8 ± 11.2** | 4.24 ± 3.56* |
| Pyrene | p < 0.001 | 7.39 ± 3.44 | 7.37 ± 3.88 | 19.5 ± 3.24* | 10.9 ± 9.38* | 19.4 ± 9.46* |
| Benzo[a]anthracene | ND | ND | ND | 1.08 ± 0.64 | 3.13 ± 0.44 | |
| Chrysene | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| Benzo[b]fluoranthene | ND | ND | ND | 2.12 | 2.66 ± 2.64 | |
| Benzo[k]fluoranthene | ND | ND | ND | 0.66 ± 0.86 | 1.20 ± 0.40 | |
| Benzo[a]pyrene | 0.85 ± 0.13 | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| Benzo[g,h,i ]perylene | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
| Total lmw PAHs | p < 0.005 | 305 ± 82.9 | 409 ± 33.9* | 473 ± 70.1* | 568 ± 226** | 582 ± 46.6** |
| Total hmw PAHs | p < 0.001 | 8.54 ± 2.77 | 7.76 ± 4.19 | 20.7 ± 4.81* | 32.6 ± 4.32* | 28.2 ± 8.41* |
| Total PAHs | p < 0.005 | 314 ± 85.1 | 417 ± 32.7* | 494 ± 72.5* | 601 ± 109** | 610 ± 53.0** |
Abbreviations: ND, not detectable; NS, not significant.
*
p < 0.05
**
p < 0.001
#
p < 0.0001 indicate significant variations and differences between groups of means (post hoc comparison).