Table 2.
Biochemical and cellular biomarkers in the digestive gland of H. aspersa (mean ± SD; n = 5/group).
| Biomarker | p-Value | Site 1 | Site 2 | Site 3 | Site 4 | Site 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MT [eq.(G)SH nmol/mg protein] | p < 0.001 | 3.41 ± 2.14 | 9.33 ± 3.35* | 12.1 ± 1.58* | 13.7 ± 3.98** | 15.4 ± 5.31** |
| AOX (nmol/min/mg protein) | p < 0.05 | 0.11 ± 0.05 | 0.10 ± 0.05 | 0.48 ± 0.08** | 0.26 ± 0.06* | 0.26 ± 0.07* |
| EROD activity (pmol/min/mg protein) | NS | 0.62 ± 0.09 | 0.33 ± 0.10 | 0.52 ± 0.10 | 0.38 ± 0.20 | 0.66 ± 0.13 |
| ECOD activity (pmol/min/mg protein) | p < 0.05 | 1,432 ± 101 | 1,279 ± 219 | 2,440 ± 781* | 1,682 ± 285 | 2,163 ± 395* |
| Catalase (μmol/min/mg protein) | p < 0.0005 | 321 ± 48.7 | 323 ± 46.2 | 700 ± 144* | 545 ± 51.3* | 697 ± 257* |
| GR (nmol/min/mg protein) | p < 0.001 | 16.1 ± 3.54 | 12.7 ± 1.27 | 22.4 ± 5.08* | 29.0 ± 7.77* | 26.1 ± 5.69* |
| GST (nmol/min/mg protein) | p < 0.05 | 1,892 ± 219 | 1,629 ± 555 | 2,214 ± 363 | 1,540 ± 371 | 1,219 ± 125* |
| GPx (nmol/min/mg protein) | NS | 13.1 ± 5.66 | 12.9 ± 2.51 | 7.68 ± 4.35 | 15.3 ± 2.95 | 19.3 ± 9.17 |
| Total glutathione (μmol/g tissue) | NS | 1.63 ± 0.25 | 1.38 ± 0.42 | 1.05 ± 0.33 | 1.60 ± 0.16 | 1.94 ± 0.49 |
| TOSC (ROO•; U/mg protein) | p < 0.01 | 981 ± 96.1 | 826 ± 102 | 1,588 ± 61.7* | 1,330 ± 147* | 1,437 ± 105* |
| TOSC (HO•; U/mg protein) | p < 0.01 | 1,071 ± 132 | 953 ± 259 | 1,544 ± 189* | 1,206 ± 132* | 1,470 ± 219* |
| NRRT (min) | p < 0.0005 | 27.4 ± 0.66 | 11.6 ± 7.03* | 20.4 ± 8.64 | 9.97 ± 7.28* | 10.8 ± 7.62* |
| DNA TD (arbitrary units) | p < 0.005 | 128 ± 15.6 | 111 ± 5.28 | 197 ± 74.9* | 184 ± 44.9* | 215 ± 64.85* |
Abbreviations: eq, equivalents; NS, not significant.
*
p < 0.05 and
**
p < 0.001 indicate significant variations and differences between groups of means (post hoc comparison).