Table 2. Description of studies included in the meta-analysis.

Study	Country	Age (years)	Sample size (T/C, n)	Intervention (T/C)	Time (min)	Frequency (times/week)	Duration (weeks)	Outcome
Li et al., 2018	China	58 ± 2 57 ± 2	23/23	Brisk Walking/No intervention	45–60	3	12	SBP/DBP
En-Hong et al., 2017	China	59.20 ± 3.45 57.18 ± 1.30	110/120	Brisk Walking/No intervention	–	7	8/12	SBP/DBP
Liu & Zhuo, 2021	China	55.8 ± 5.1 56.1 ± 4.6	23/23	Brisk Walking/No intervention	30–30	3–5	12/24	SBP/DBP
Wang & Wang, 2024	China	40∼69	33/22	Brisk Walking/No intervention	30–60	3	4/8/12	SBP/DBP
Ko et al., 2021	Canada	61.2 ± 15 61.9 ± 8.4	20/20	Brisk Walking/Stretching	30	5	8	SBP/DBP
Li, Wei & Can, 2018	China	58 ± 2 57 ± 2	23/23	Brisk Walking/No intervention	45–60	3	12	SBP/DBP
Wu et al., 2023	China	57.34 ± 7.80 58.33 ± 7.84	77/66	Brisk Walking/No intervention	45–60	3	12	SBP/DBP
Xia et al., 2011	China	68.07 ± 7.03 68.07 ± 7.03	44/44	Brisk Walking/No intervention	30	5	24	SBP/DBP
Zhang et al., 2012	China	68.07 ± 7.03 68.07 ± 7.03	44/44	Brisk Walking/No intervention	30	5	24	SBP/DBP
Xu, 2017	China	57.19 ± 7.16 56.31 ± 6.98	20/20	Brisk Walking/No intervention	20–40	7	24	SBP/DBP
Xia et al., 2013	China	68.07 ± 7.03 68.07 ± 7.03	44/44	Brisk Walking/No intervention	30	5	24	SBP/DBP
Rachmawati, Sugiarto & Hastuti, 2019	Indonesia	40–60	15/15	Brisk Walking/No intervention	30	4	2	SBP/DBP
Wu & Lin, 2021	China	46.2 ± 6.6 46.3 ± 5.1	50/50	Brisk Walking/No intervention	30–60	3–5	12	SBP/DBP
Humphrey & Ogu, 2021	Nigeria	36–45	20/13	Brisk Walking/No intervention	30	5	12	SBP/DBP
Chen & Mao, 2016	China	65.16 ± 7.43 65.36 ± 7. 51	134/134	Brisk Walking/No intervention	–	5	24	SBP/DBP
Huang, 2020	China	66.08 ± 1.43 66.01 ± 1.38	50/46	Brisk Walking/No intervention	–	5	12	SBP/DBP
Yun, 2015	China	46.3 ± 6.50 45.8 ± 5.71	28/28	Brisk Walking/No intervention	25–45	7	12	SBP/DBP