Fig. 2. Hexamerins enter YkiS168A tumors via an FBP1-dependent mechanism and support tumor growth.

(A) Immunoblots of hemolymph extracts from UAS-Fbp1RNAi/UAS-ykiS168A-gfp;pdm2-Gal4/Lpp-Gal4 larvae at the indicated time points. Antibodies and molecular weight markers are shown to the left and to the right, respectively. (B) Quantification of wing pouch volume in tumor-bearing larvae, either in the presence or absence of FBP1. Volumes were measured at the indicated time points. Wing pouch volume of control larvae (UAS-rfpRNAi/UAS-gfp;pdm2-Gal4/Lpp-Gal4) was analyzed at pupariation (120 hours AED). A total of 7 to 38 wing pouches was analyzed per genotype at each time point. Statistical significance was assessed using unpaired t tests or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), as appropriate. n.s., not significant; *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01; ***P ≤ 0.001. The percentage reduction in wing pouch volume in the FBP1-depleted condition relative to UAS-rfpRNAi/UAS-ykiS168A-gfp;pdm2-Gal4/Lpp-Gal4 is indicated above the asterisks. No surviving UAS-Fbp1RNAi/UAS-ykiS168A-gfp;pdm2-Gal4/Lpp-Gal4 larvae were observed at 360 hours AED. (C) Confocal micrographs showing tumor wing discs from UAS-rfpRNAi/UAS-ykiS168A-gfp;pdm2-Gal4/Lpp-Gal4 and UAS-Fbp1RNAi/UAS-ykiS168A-gfp;pdm2-Gal4/Lpp-Gal4 larvae, visualizing the incorporation of OPP. Scale bar, 100 μm. (D) Quantitative analysis of OPP fluorescence in tumor wing discs from larvae expressing or lacking FBP1. Twelve discs from each genotype were examined. Statistical differences were assessed using an unpaired t test with Welch’s correction, with significance indicated as **P ≤ 0.01. The value above the asterisks denotes the percentage decrease in OPP incorporation caused by FBP1 depletion compared with control. (E to H) Quantification of intratumoral density of LSP1α (E), LSP2 (F), FBP1 (G), and FBP2 (H) during the prolonged third instar stage in larvae of the following genotypes: UAS-rfpRNAi/UAS-ykiS168A-gfp;pdm2-Gal4/Lpp-Gal4 and UAS-Fbp1RNAi/UAS-ykiS168A-gfp;pdm2-Gal4/Lpp-Gal4. For the 120 hours AED reference time point, corresponding to pupariation in UAS-rfpRNAi/UAS-gfp;pdm2-Gal4/Lpp-Gal4 WPP, hexamerin levels were measured in the wing disc pouch and normalized by pouch volume. A total of 3 to 24 individual discs or tumors was analyzed per condition and time point.