Table 2.
Summary of the characteristics of the included studies
| Author | Country of origin/context | Population/sample | Study design | Focus of supervision | Reported workplace outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berg and Hallberg [22] | General psychiatric ward in Sweden | 22 nurses | Pre-post-test | Systematic CS and care planning | Creativity, improved organizational climate |
| Severinsson and Kamaker [23] | Public general hospital in Sweden | 158 nurses | Descriptive-correlational study | CS and moral sensitivity | Reduced anxiety, improved work environment |
| Berg and Welander Hansson [24] | One ward of a psychogeriatric clinic in Sweden | 13 nurses | Qualitative study | Group supervision and reflective support | Professional growth, improved relationships |
| Markey et al. [25] | Ireland | – | Specialist report | Supervision in mental health services | Job satisfaction, reduced work stress |
| White and Roche [26] | Mental health nursing services in Australia | 601 mental health nurses and 17 Area Health Service | Scooping study | CS participation | Well-being at work, burnout prevention |
| Koivu et al. [27] | University hospital in Finland | 166 female nurses | Quasi-experimental study | Supervision effectiveness | Job engagement and psychological well-being |
| Koivu et al. [28] | University hospital in Finland | 304 female nurses | Survey | Supportive supervision practices | Staff motivation and performance |
| Bradley et al. [29] | Health team members of Malawi and Tanzania | Malawi: 20 interviews | Qualitative study | Content of supervision sessions | Quality and safety of care |
| Tanzania: 37 interviews | |||||
| Pearce et al. [30] | Australia | 20 studies included | Systematic review | Supervision processes | Staff satisfaction, reduced burnout |
| Best et al. [4] | Professionals that working at an alcohol and other drug treatment center in Australia | 43 clinicians, managers, and supervisors | Observational study | Mentorship programs | Reduced turnover, professional competence |
| Chen and Lou [31] | Taiwan | 5 experimental and quasi-experimental studies that adopted mentorship programs as an intervention | Systematic review | Organizational support strategies | Job satisfaction, staff retention |
| Dawson et al. [32] | Medical and surgical nursing units in 3 hospitals in Australia | 362 nurses | Cross-sectional study | Well-being at work framework | Leadership support, collaboration |
| Utriainen et al. [33] | Finland | Hospital nurses | Theoretical model | Emotional support through supervision | Emotional regulation, burnout reduction |
| MacLaren et al. [34] | Community mental health nurses in the UK | 8 nurses | Qualitative study | Supervision experiences | Staff support and professional development |
| Allbutt et al. [35] | Health and social care practitioners in Scotland | 8 practitioners from secondary and primary health and 4 social care services | Qualitative study | Coaching and workplace learning | Professional development |
| Faithfull-Byrne et al. [36] | Australia | One health service | Study case | Leadership and empowerment | Innovative work behavior |
| Masood and Afsar [37] | Public sector hospitals in Pakistan | 587 nurses and 164 physicians | Cross-sectional study | Organizational mental health interventions | Well-being and engagement |
| Gray et al. [38] | South Africa | 60 articles | Exploratory review | Organizational support for nurses | Thriving at work |
| Moloney et al. [39] | New Zealand | 20 articles | Integrative review of literature | Workplace supervision and support | Job satisfaction |
| Morton et al. [40] | Private critical care unit in South Africa | 40 nurses | Quantitative descriptive study | Resilience-based supervision | Emotional intelligence and resilience |
| Stacey et al. [41] | Healthcare trusts in UK | 266 newly qualified nurses | Pilot study | Reflective discussions | Team support and stress management |
| Delany et al. [42] | Australia | Clinicians | Narrative review | Interventions supporting coping | Stress management |
| Foster et al. [43] | UK | 18 studies | Scooping review | Communication and difficult conversations | Team relationships |
| King and Williams [44] | Australia | 20 clinical supervisors | Qualitative study | Organizational learning culture | Employee performance |
| Bhatti et al. [45] | Pakistan | 306 trained health nurses | Cross-sectional and random sampling study | Workplace empowerment | Reduced incivility |
| Blackstock et al. [46] | Canada | 22 included studies | Integrative review | Resilience strategies | Emotional well-being |
| Delgado et al. [47] | Australia | 11 mental health nurses | Qualitative study | Mentorship relationships | Organizational commitment |
| Foster et al. [48] | Australia | 12 nurses (23 stories) | Qualitative (narrative threads) study | Nurses’ well-being model | Work engagement |
| Gong et al. [49] | Six regional general hospitals in China | 371 first-line nurses | Cross-sectional study | Restorative supervision model | Staff well-being |
| Xiao et al. [50] | China | 98 articles focusing nurses’ well-being | Systematic literature review | Resilience narratives | Professional coping |
| Featherbe [51] | UK | NHS staff | Study case | Workforce retention factors | Job retention |
| de Vries et al. [52] | USA | 345 articles | Systematic review | Leadership development | Professional competence |
| Alilyyani et al. [53] | Saudi Arabia | 370 nurses and 249 interns | Mixed-methods study | Psychological well-being | Resilience and coping |
| Foster et al. [54] | Mental health service of a large hospital in Australia | 144 nurses | Cross-sectional study | CS interventions | Job satisfaction |
| Hudays et al. [15] | Saudi Arabia | 8 articles | Systematic review | Organizational support strategies | Workplace well-being |
| O’Connor et al. [55] | New Zealand | 7 articles focusing nurses’ well-being | Integrative literature review | Systematic CS and care planning | Creativity, improved organizational climate |